The term "periodontal" refers to the area surrounding the tooth. Periodontal disease affects the gums and the supporting bone of the teeth. Plaque, a sticky film of food particles, bacteria, and saliva, can turn into tartar if not removed. When plaque and tartar accumulate, they start damaging the gums and bone, leading to periodontal disease. Symptoms include swollen, red, and bleeding gums.
Surprisingly, four out of five people have periodontal disease without realizing it, as it is usually painless in the early stages. It is not only the leading cause of tooth loss but also associated with other conditions such as stroke, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and pregnancy complications. Researchers are studying the potential connection between periodontal disease, inflammation, bacteria, and these systemic diseases. Smoking also increases the risk of periodontal disease.
Reducing the risk of periodontal disease can be achieved through good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental check-ups.
Signs and symptoms of periodontal disease:
- Gum inflammation: Redness, swelling, and tenderness of the gums.
- Bleeding gums: Gums that bleed easily, especially during brushing or flossing.
- Receding gums: Gums that pull away from the teeth, making the teeth appear longer.
- Persistent bad breath: Ongoing bad breath that doesn't improve with oral hygiene practices.
- Loose or shifting teeth: Teeth that feel loose or start to shift in position.
- Changes in bite: A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite down.
- Pus between teeth and gums: The presence of pus or discharge between the teeth and gums.
- Changes in tooth sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet stimuli.
- Formation of deep pockets: Formation of deep spaces or gaps between the teeth and gums.
- Changes in the fit of dentures: Dentures that no longer fit properly or feel uncomfortable.